Tornado Watch: Stellantis Preps Turbo I-6 as V-8 Replacement
The warning signs have been hard to ignore. For Stellantis' Dodge, Ram, Chrysler, and Jeep brands, the V-8's time is almost up, even for the headliner specialty items like the Hellcat-powered musclecars that define the Dodge brand's contemporary identity. But it appears there is at least a stepping stone along the way to Stellantis' wide-scale adoption of EVs, in the form of a turbocharged, 3.0-liter I-6 engine that enthusiasts have dubbed the Tornado—and, briefly, that Stellantis itself confirmed was in production at a facility in Mexico.
It all started (as it so often does) when a member on the AllPar enthusiast forums spotted an otherwise snooze-inducing fact sheet on the Stellantis media site about the Saltillo Engine Plant in Mexico. It included a short list of the engines it assembles for Dodge, Ram, and Jeep, including 5.7, 6.2, and 6.4-liter V-8s. But, for a brief period of time, this document had a couple of other tidbits.
In the list of products, it noted a "3.0-liter GMET6 HO" that was "launched on Nov. 22, 2021." Wait, what? Let's break down the name, because Mopar folks are probably already latching onto the "GME" part of the codename. That is the FCA/Stellantis Global Medium Engine family, which provides the "Hurricane" 2.0-liter turbocharged I-4 engine for the Giulia, Stelvio, Wrangler, Cherokee, and several Maserati products—and, notably, is the ICE component of the Wrangler 4Xe powertrain. Add two cylinders to a 2.0-liter I-4 and you get … yup, 3.0 liters.
It's fairly common for companies to create modular engine families, and with increasing emissions and efficiency regulations, it's appealing to be able to scale an engine up or down. Jaguar's Ingenium engine family is one example of the trend, as is the heavy sharing of engineering between Mercedes' M256 I-6 and the company's other modern I-4 and diesel products. So it makes a lot of sense that Stellantis is able to leverage the engineering that's already gone into the GME engine and create something that can take the place of the aging, inefficient V-8 offerings.
That makes the rest of the engine code somewhat self-explanatory. T6 is shorthand for turbocharged I-6, and "HO" stands for "high output"—leading us to believe that there's likely a low-output variant that'll be hopped up with some sort of electrification, like the Mercedes M256, perhaps taking the form of the company's existing eTorque motor-generator light hybrid system. But the HO Tornado seems, to us, to be a performance-oriented version whose most likely mission is to replace the V-8s used in some or all of the company's products, like Grand Cherokee, Charger, Challenger, and perhaps some Ram 1500 models.
FCA patents from November 2019 show a twin-turbo arrangement, with each turbo feeding three cylinders. Inline-sixes can be good performers, offering smooth power delivery and a great sound. And Chrysler has some experience with high-performance I-6s, particularly the company's Australian division, which leaned hard into raw performance with the interesting Hemi-6 line of engines, particularly the hot Six-Pack variants.
And the stout and seemingly economy oriented Slant Six has always had its fair share of interest from the hot rod community, and it's beefy enough to take some boost. The company's V-8 offerings have always overshadowed its I-6 history, but there's nothing inherently wrong with the layout. Add a couple of turbos and modern engine controls, and there are plenty of bone-stock I-6 engines today pushing 400 hp, and the contemporary BMW M3 Competition pumps out 503 horsepower without any electrification.
With the engine's assembly line (at least) already running in Saltillo, one thing is for sure: We'll know more soon.
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We like our comparison tests to come to definitive conclusions, but that didn't happen with this one. Instead, in pitting the all-new 2022 Toyota Tundra against the bestselling Ford F-150, it came down to weighing the details. For example: One of these pickup trucks has a better engine, the other a better transmission. One has a better-looking interior; the other offers better functionality. Even the back seat factors into the equation: One has a better seat, the other smarter floor storage. We did manage to pick a winner, but only by the slimmest of margins. If you were to purchase the truck we deemed the lesser of the two, we certainly wouldn't say you bought the wrong one.But enough preamble, let's meet our players. For this particular test, we decided to sample workaday, lower-trim versions of these full-size trucks. Both featured crew cabs, short boxes, and four-wheel drive. Toyota sent along a 2022 Tundra Limited equipped with the TRD Off-Road package and a handful of other useful stand-alone options that added up to a $60,188 sticker. Ford supplied an F-150 XLT, the truck's one-up-from-the-bottom trim, which was priced at $58,575 and fitted with two key options—Ford's Max Trailer Tow package and the 3.5-liter EcoBoost twin-turbo V-6. (The truck Ford sent was a 2021, but the 2022 F-150 is functionally identical.)Tundra vs. F-150: A Closer Look, Outside and InAt first glance, the Ford F-150 is the slightly better-looking truck in our eyes. It appears relaxed and sure of itself, whereas the Tundra is styled like it has something to prove. Although we appreciate the creases in its sheetmetal, we can't avert our gaze from the Tundra's giant, gaping grille, which reminds us of a jet plane missing its nose cone. Out back, the Tundra's vertical taillights don't seem to be as integrated into the truck's overall design. That said, when it comes to the details, the Toyota appears more modern, with sequential LED turn signals where the lower-spec Ford makes do with incandescent bulbs. It's controversial to be sure, but the Tundra is definitely a product of the new decade, while the new-for-2021 F-150 could be 10 years old.It's a similar story inside. The Tundra's interior is more modern in execution, with its massive 14.0-inch infotainment screen (optional), handsomely sculpted vents, and wide piano-key switches (a good idea lifted from General Motors). The F-150's stereo, A/C, and steering wheel controls, with their dials and plastic buttons, look old-fashioned by comparison, but they're arguably easier to use. The F-150's interior has its share of cheap plastics, though the bulk of its dashboard appears to be built of higher-quality materials than the Tundra employs. Even the upholstery is a draw: Some of our testers thought the F-150's two-tone cloth was way more attractive and comfortable than the Tundra's faux leather. Others said Toyota's Sof-Tex is more upscale and wondered what possessed Ford to put cloth seats in a $58,575 truck.Both trucks feature giant center touchscreen infotainment interfaces, but the Toyota's is gianter—and although that's great for Apple CarPlay, we were surprised the Tundra only lets you display one system (audio, phone, navigation, settings) at a time, whereas the Ford will show, say, your tunes and a map simultaneously.We found the back seats to be roomy in both the F-150 and the Tundra, with lots of legroom and easy access through big doors, and both offer two types of USB ports (A and C) and a 120-volt outlet. The Tundra has the (marginally) more comfortable seat, with a longer bottom cushion that provides better thigh support and a more relaxed backrest angle. But with the seat bottoms folded up, the F-150's flat floor and fold-away storage bins (a $215 option) made it far more useful and flexible than the Tundra, which has a sizable transmission hump and hard, fixed plastic binnacles.Tundra vs. F-150: The DriveBoth of our test trucks were powered by twin-turbo V-6 engines—a 3.5-liter unit for the F-150 and a 3.4 for the Tundra (though Toyota's sales literature says otherwise). Note, however, that the EcoBoost engine is a $2,595 option in the Ford; standard power is a 3.3-liter non-turbo V-6 with half as much torque. The Toyota, meanwhile, gets twin-turbo power as standard. (Both the Tundra and F-150 are available with an optional hybrid powertrain, but only Ford offers a V-8.)The F-150 provides a lot of go for the extra dough. Although its 400 hp and 500 lb-ft of torque bests the Toyota by only 11 hp and 21 lb-ft, the aluminum-bodied F-150 weighs a quarter-ton less than the Tundra. In addition, both come standard with a 3.31:1 rear axle, but our Ford test truck came with no-cost optional 3.55:1 gearing, which the Tundra doesn't offer. All of the above gave the F-150 a serious speed advantage: We clocked the Ford from 0 to 60 mph in 5.3 seconds, which is almost a full second quicker than the Tundra. And Ford's EPA fuel economy numbers measure 1 mpg better in city, highway, and combined measurements. Out on the open road, the Ford felt like the more powerful truck, and it delivered slightly better fuel economy during our testing.But that doesn't necessarily mean the Ford's powertrain is a far superior choice. The 2022 Tundra's 10-speed automatic transmission proved to be the better actor, shifting up and down promptly and smoothly. On one narrow, hilly section of our test route, the Tundra knew intuitively which gear to pick; prodding the F-150's accelerator on the same stretch resulted in a delay and a lurch while it tried to find the right ratio.Tundra vs. F-150: Ride and HandlingThe suspension is one area where Ford pulled definitively ahead. Neither of these pickup trucks will ever be mistaken for an old-school Lincoln Town Car, but the F-150 provided a smoother ride, while the Tundra felt jittery even over moderate bumps. When the pavement got slightly worse, the Tundra's ride got a lot worse, deteriorating much more quickly than the F-150's ride quality. This was somewhat surprising, given the Toyota's rear coil springs and lower payload rating relative to the leaf-sprung Ford.The Ford's steering felt light and a bit numb, making the truck easy, if not exactly enjoyable, to maneuver. But it steered better than the Tundra, which felt less precise and wandered more on the highway. Both trucks have adaptive cruise control with lane centering, and although the Ford guided itself accurately, the Tundra had a harder time staying centered, an experience shared by its human drivers. Keep in mind that our test Tundra came with the $3,085 TRD Off-Road package featuring stiffer shocks and softer all-terrain tires. Without this package, the Toyota might well have had better ride and steering qualities.Tundra vs. F-150: Getting Into BedUnlike the F-150, the Tundra doesn't have a spray-in bedliner, but it doesn't need one: The Tundra's bed is a plastic composite, which is virtually indestructible. There's nothing wrong with a metal bed like the Ford's, but it's eventually going to show the dents and scars of hard use. That won't be the case with the Tundra. Both trucks have tie-downs in the bed walls; the Ford's are fixed, while the Tundra offers both fixed and movable points.Our Tundra test truck had a $385 power package that included 400-watt outlets in the bed and a Qi wireless phone charger in the cab, which our F-150 lacked. Ford offers 400-watt plugs for $290, but our truck came instead with the $995 ProPower Onboard package capable of 2,000 watts. The Toyota also had a retractable tailgate step, but evetesn with it deployed, our shorter testers faced a steep climb into the bed. Speaking of steep, that little step costs a whopping $399. Unlike the Toyota, our F-150 didn't come with any tailgate assistance features as equipped. Ford does offer a quality tailgate step of its own for the F-150, but it's only included as part of the $695 power tailgate package, which was missing from our truck. (Perhaps it was a good thing given what we discovered in our last full-size pickup comparison.)Tundra vs. F-150: Towing and HaulingIn terms of truck capabilities, Ford is the clear winner. Our Tundra, as equipped, had a maximum payload of 1,740 pounds and a towing capacity of 11,120 pounds. The Ford, meanwhile, offered a 2,100-pound payload capacity and, with its Max Trailering package, a towing capacity of 13,900 pounds. But even with a lesser trailering package, the F-150 would still out-tow the Tundra by 180 pounds. Capacity and skill are separate things, though. We've always found the F-150 to be a stable towing platform, and the Tundra proved just as competent at hauling our high-profile two-horse trailer.We're big fans of Ford's optional Pro Trailer Backup Assist system, and we were eager to try Toyota's version, called Straight Path Assist. The key difference between the two is that the F-150 allows the driver to steer the trailer in reverse with a dial on the dashboard, but the Tundra only keeps the trailer going straight. With Straight Path Assist, once you get the trailer pointed where you want it, you can let go of the wheel and the Tundra will steer itself in an attempt to keep the trailer going in the same direction. The Tundra did a pretty good job of keeping the trailer going straight, but really, that's only half the battle—getting the trailer pointed in the right direction is the real struggle for novice trailer-backers. Ford's system (as well as Ram's Trailer Reverse Steering) alleviates 95 percent of the anxiety of backing up a trailer; the Toyota, maybe 50 percent. We're baffled as to why Toyota didn't build a complete trailer-backing solution.Let's Pick a Winner Already!We suspected from our first test loop that this was going to be a close competition, and we weren't disappointed. Toyota clearly benchmarked the bestselling F-150 when developing its new Tundra, and it followed very closely in the Ford's tire tracks.But in the end, the Ford managed to stay out front, if only by a bumper length or two. The F-150 is the better and more comfortable truck to drive (though a Tundra with the non-TRD suspension might be able to close that gap). The Ford's interior is marginally nicer and easier to use, and the F-150's back seat, though not quite as comfortable as the Toyota's, offers more flexibility for carrying other-than-human cargo. We like the Tundra's tough composite bed, but the Ford carries a lot more cargo. Both trucks are competent tow vehicles, but the Ford has more capacity and a better trailer-backing system. And although the Tundra has more modern styling details, the F-150 has a look we think will age better—indeed, it already seems to be doing so.Toyota fans might be disappointed to learn that the new Tundra generation is short of class-leading; in our estimation, that title still belongs to the Ram 1500. But in the full-size pickup field, where breaking into the Chevy-Ford-Ram triumvirate is a near-impossible task, playing follow the leader is perhaps the smartest move—and the 2022 Toyota Tundra is definitely following the Ford F-150 very, very closely.Second Place: 2022 Toyota Tundra LimitedPros:Powerful twin-turbo engine comes standardDurable composite bedComfortable back seatCons:Bumpy ride with TRD packageHalf-baked trailer-backing systemGiant center screen not used to its best advantageFirst Place: 2021 Ford F-150 XLTPros:Comfortable, if not exactly thrilling, to driveBroad choice of powertrains and axle ratiosHigh payload and towing capacity when properly equippedCons:Uncomfortable back seatRough-shifting transmissionCloth seats and incandescent bulbs? In a $60K truck?POWERTRAIN/CHASSIS 2021 Ford F-150 XLT 4x4 Specifications 2022 Toyota Tundra Limited TRD Offroad 4x4 Specifications DRIVETRAIN LAYOUT Front-engine, 4WD Front-engine, 4WD ENGINE TYPE Twin-turbo port- and direct-injected DOHC 24-valve 60-degree V-6, alum block/heads Twin-turbo port- and direct-injected DOHC 24-valve 60-degree V-6, alum block/heads DISPLACEMENT 3,497 cc/213.4 cu in 3,445 cc/210.2 cu in COMPRESSION RATIO 10.5:1 10.4:1 POWER (SAE NET) 400 hp @ 6,000 rpm 389 hp @ 5,200 rpm TORQUE (SAE NET) 500 lb-ft @ 3,100 rpm 479 lb-ft @ 2,400 rpm REDLINE 6,250 rpm 5,800 rpm WEIGHT TO POWER 13.4 lb/hp 15.0 lb/hp TRANSMISSION 10-speed automatic 10-speed automatic AXLE/FINAL-DRIVE/LOW RATIO 3.55:1/2.26:1/2.64:1 3.31:1/2.02:1/2.64:1 SUSPENSION, FRONT; REAR Control arms, coil springs, anti-roll bar; live axle, leaf springs Control arms, coil springs, anti-roll bar; live axle, coil springs, anti-roll bar STEERING RATIO 17.4:1 16.9:1 TURNS LOCK-TO-LOCK 3.2 3.3 BRAKES, F; R 13.8-in vented disc; 13.8-in vented disc 13.9-in vented disc; 13.6-in vented disc WHEELS 8.5 x 20-in cast aluminum 8.5 x 20-in cast aluminum TIRES 275/60R20 115T Pirelli Scorpion ATR (M+S) 265/60R20 112H Falken Wildpeak A/T AT3WA (M+S) DIMENSIONS WHEELBASE 145.1 in 145.7 in TRACK, F/R 67.9/68.3 in 68.4/68.4 in LENGTH x WIDTH x HEIGHT 231.7 x 79.9 x 77.2 in 233.6 x 80.2 x 78.0 in GROUND CLEARANCE 9.4 in 9.4 in APPRCH/DEPART ANGLE 24.6/25.4 deg 21.0/24.0 deg TURNING CIRCLE 47.8 ft 48.6 ft CURB WEIGHT (DIST F/R) 5,345 lb (58/42%) 5,820 lb (57/43%) SEATING CAPACITY 5 5 HEADROOM, F/R 40.8/40.4 in 41.0/38.5 in LEGROOM, F/R 43.9/43.6 in 41.2/41.6 in SHOULDER ROOM, F/R 66.7/66.0 in 65.0/62.4 in PICKUP BOX L x W x H 78.9 x 65.2 x 21.4 in 65.6 x 58.7 x 20.9 in CARGO BOX VOLUME 62.3 cu ft 48.8 cu ft WIDTH BET WHEELHOUSES 50.6 in 48.7 in CARGO LIFT-OVER HEIGHT 35.0 in 34.6 in PAYLOAD CAPACITY 2,100 lb 1,740 lb TOWING CAPACITY 13,900 lb 11,120 lb TEST DATA ACCELERATION TO MPH 0-30 1.8 sec 2.0 sec 0-40 2.9 3.3 0-50 4.0 4.6 0-60 5.3 6.2 0-70 6.9 8.1 0-80 8.9 10.3 0-90 11.2 13.1 0-100 13.9 16.2 PASSING, 45-65 MPH 2.6 3.2 QUARTER MILE 13.9 sec @ 99.9 mph 14.7 sec @ 95.3 mph BRAKING, 60-0 MPH 126 ft 135 ft LATERAL ACCELERATION 0.76 g (avg) 0.72 g (avg) MT FIGURE EIGHT 28.0 sec @ 0.62 g (avg) 28.5 sec @ 0.59 g (avg) TOP-GEAR REVS @ 60 MPH 1,450 rpm* 1,700 rpm CONSUMER INFO BASE PRICE $45,850 $56,680 PRICE AS TESTED $59,520 $60,188 AIRBAGS 8: Dual front, front side, f/r curtain, front knee 8: Dual front, front side, f/r curtain, front knee BASIC WARRANTY 3 yrs/36,000 miles 3 yrs/36,000 miles POWERTRAIN WARRANTY 5 yrs/60,000 miles 5 yrs/60,000 miles ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE 5 yrs/60,000 miles 2 yrs/25,000 miles FUEL CAPACITY 36.0 gal 32.2 gal EPA CITY/HWY/COMB ECON 18/23/20 mpg 17/22/19 mpg EPA RANGE, COMB 720 mi 612 mi RECOMMENDED FUEL Unleaded regular Unleaded regular ON SALE Now Now *Truck will not select 10th gear at 60; 1,800 in eighth is the natural powertrain condition at this speed. 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The old Grand Cherokee is out, and the new Grand Cherokee is in. Or is it? Production of the outgoing Jeep Grand Cherokee—chassis code WK2—has ended, according to a Jeep representative, but it can still be found on sale as a 2022 model alongside its replacement, the new 2022 Grand Cherokee WL (the one available, for the first time ever, as a three-row). This overlap of old and new offered simultaneously is nothing new—there's the Ram Classic, for example—and Jeep had mentioned it'd happen when the new WL arrived.But that was over a year ago. That you can still find the Grand Cherokee WK2 on Jeep's website, listed as a new offering alongside the new Grand Cherokee WL, is surprising. So, we checked with Jeep on what was going on, and found out that you can't configure or order a new (old) WK2, which only is available in Laredo E, Laredo X, and Limited trims. You'll need to consult dealerships directly about any remaining WK2 inventory.All vehicles are quite pricey right now, and these "old" WK2s are no exception, at least going by a quick glance at inventory prices. On the configurator, the least-expensive old Grand Cherokee is only $1,345 less than the new Grand. If you're looking for a deal, opting for the outgoing Grand may not be the best bet. If you're craving a WK2, though, there's still hope while inventory lasts. If your search for a WK2 falls short, remember, there's always its platform twin, the (three-row) Dodge Durango.A W-what? A WL-who?Some surprises are good, but others aren't. Here's the bottom line: Know what 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee you're buying because there are two—at least while inventory lasts. To help, here is a quick rundown of the Jeep Grand Cherokee's generations:1st generation "ZJ" (1993-1998)2nd generation "WJ" (1999-2004)3rd generation "WK" (2005-2010)4th generation "WK2" (2011-2022)5th generation "WL" (2021-22 three-row L)/2022 two-row)Jeep has sold 7 million Grand Cherokees globally since 1992. The new Grand Cherokee runs on a new platform befitting of its new muscular look and offers a new plug-in hybrid (PHEV) powertrain for the 4xe that pairs a 270-hp, 295-lb-ft turbo 2.0-liter I-4 with a 134-hp, 195-lb-ft traction motor that replaces the eight-speed automatic transmission's torque converter (as well as a 44-hp, 39-lb-ft starter/generator motor that acts on the accessory drive pulley) for a combined 375 hp and 470 lb-ft of torque. Fuel economy for the PHEV rates at 56 mpg-e combined with 25 miles of all-electric driving range thanks to a 17-kWh battery pack. For the 2023 model year, the 4xe powertrain will be the only way buyers can order a Grand Cherokee Trailhawk. The other WL-generation powertrains carry over from the WK, including the entry-level 3.6-liter V-6 and 5.7-liter V-8.
ford f-150-lightning Full OverviewProsBig, clear screenNavigation with charging stations180-degree lie-flat seat backs ConsBorrows F-150's cabinNot as nice as a Rivian's interiorThe Ford F-150 has been the bestselling truck in America for decades, but its interior hasn't stood out much. And when the latest Ram 1500 made its debut, it became the new benchmark not only because of the way it drove, but also because of the cabin's attention to detail. Although pickup trucks are generally known for being work vehicles, Ram took its truck to the next level. And even though a new F-150 generation arrived for 2021, Ford kept most of its interior the same. However, with the introduction of the F-150 Lightning, Ford has finally upgraded its cabin experience.Similar but BetterThe 2022 Ford F-150 Lightning was made for existing F-150 customers interested in going electric. So there are many similarities between the two models, and just like its exterior design, the Lightning's interior comes straight from the regular F-150. There's no learning curve; everything is exactly where it's supposed to be, and you can still fold down the shifter and open the center console to set up your workstation.What's better, though, is the massive 15.5-inch screen that's straight out of the Ford Mustang Mach-E. Although we aren't usually fans of "soft" virtual buttons, Ford's screen makes it easy to adjust the temperature or fan speed and hop between menus. Everything is displayed via cool graphics, and the computing processor works quickly. What's more, the navigation shows all the electric charging stations nearby and will tell you where to stop and for how long, depending on your state of charge. It's not as useful as Tesla's supercharger map, which lets you know how many superchargers are available in real time, but it displays each station's brand and kilowatt-hour rating.The vertical display will also wow your friends; it takes up the entire center dashboard, upping the technology and in-cabin experience.Our 2022 Ford F-150 Lightning Lariat example came with a denim-like trim on certain parts of its door panels and dashboard, and it looked premium and different from the regular F-150. Other textured plastics around the cabin don't feel as nice as the materials inside the Rivian R1T, but it's not a huge drawback, as the rest of the truck feels fancy.Time to RelaxFord made some changes to the driver's and front passenger's seats, allowing them to recline 180 degrees so you can nap while the truck charges. This is a clever feature, but it's not the most comfortable position—your knees still have to be bent, and you have to lift the rear seats to get the full 180-degree experience. Still, it's nice to have and something we're sure some folks will use. (And, hey, why not take a nap when waiting at a public charger?) Overall, the seats are comfortable, supportive, and wide, should you want to turn on your side when catching some Zs.Just like the regular F-150, there's plenty of space in the back with lots of headroom and legroom for rear passengers. Heck, there's even more space than in a Mercedes-Benz S-Class.Should I Buy a 2022 Ford F-150 Lightning? We've already compared a 2022 Ford F-150 Lightning with a 2022 Rivian R1T, and although the competition was incredibly close, the F-150 Lightning claimed the win. Although these pickup trucks live in different segments, we found more value in the F-150. But it's worth noting that as software and over-the-air updates play a more important role in the EV market and in the vehicles' performance in the future, our comparison result could flip.All in all, the 2022 Ford F-150 Lightning's in-cabin experience is superior when compared to the regular F-150, and we appreciate the upgrades Ford's designers delivered. So if you're thinking of purchasing an F-150 soon, the Lightning is your best option and certainly worth taking a long look at.Looks good! More details?
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