2022 Toyota Tundra vs. 2021 Ford F-150: Fresh Start For an Upstart?
We like our comparison tests to come to definitive conclusions, but that didn't happen with this one. Instead, in pitting the all-new 2022 Toyota Tundra against the bestselling Ford F-150, it came down to weighing the details. For example: One of these pickup trucks has a better engine, the other a better transmission. One has a better-looking interior; the other offers better functionality. Even the back seat factors into the equation: One has a better seat, the other smarter floor storage. We did manage to pick a winner, but only by the slimmest of margins. If you were to purchase the truck we deemed the lesser of the two, we certainly wouldn't say you bought the wrong one.
But enough preamble, let's meet our players. For this particular test, we decided to sample workaday, lower-trim versions of these full-size trucks. Both featured crew cabs, short boxes, and four-wheel drive. Toyota sent along a 2022 Tundra Limited equipped with the TRD Off-Road package and a handful of other useful stand-alone options that added up to a $60,188 sticker. Ford supplied an F-150 XLT, the truck's one-up-from-the-bottom trim, which was priced at $58,575 and fitted with two key options—Ford's Max Trailer Tow package and the 3.5-liter EcoBoost twin-turbo V-6. (The truck Ford sent was a 2021, but the 2022 F-150 is functionally identical.)
Tundra vs. F-150: A Closer Look, Outside and In
At first glance, the Ford F-150 is the slightly better-looking truck in our eyes. It appears relaxed and sure of itself, whereas the Tundra is styled like it has something to prove. Although we appreciate the creases in its sheetmetal, we can't avert our gaze from the Tundra's giant, gaping grille, which reminds us of a jet plane missing its nose cone. Out back, the Tundra's vertical taillights don't seem to be as integrated into the truck's overall design. That said, when it comes to the details, the Toyota appears more modern, with sequential LED turn signals where the lower-spec Ford makes do with incandescent bulbs. It's controversial to be sure, but the Tundra is definitely a product of the new decade, while the new-for-2021 F-150 could be 10 years old.
It's a similar story inside. The Tundra's interior is more modern in execution, with its massive 14.0-inch infotainment screen (optional), handsomely sculpted vents, and wide piano-key switches (a good idea lifted from General Motors). The F-150's stereo, A/C, and steering wheel controls, with their dials and plastic buttons, look old-fashioned by comparison, but they're arguably easier to use. The F-150's interior has its share of cheap plastics, though the bulk of its dashboard appears to be built of higher-quality materials than the Tundra employs. Even the upholstery is a draw: Some of our testers thought the F-150's two-tone cloth was way more attractive and comfortable than the Tundra's faux leather. Others said Toyota's Sof-Tex is more upscale and wondered what possessed Ford to put cloth seats in a $58,575 truck.
Both trucks feature giant center touchscreen infotainment interfaces, but the Toyota's is gianter—and although that's great for Apple CarPlay, we were surprised the Tundra only lets you display one system (audio, phone, navigation, settings) at a time, whereas the Ford will show, say, your tunes and a map simultaneously.
We found the back seats to be roomy in both the F-150 and the Tundra, with lots of legroom and easy access through big doors, and both offer two types of USB ports (A and C) and a 120-volt outlet. The Tundra has the (marginally) more comfortable seat, with a longer bottom cushion that provides better thigh support and a more relaxed backrest angle. But with the seat bottoms folded up, the F-150's flat floor and fold-away storage bins (a $215 option) made it far more useful and flexible than the Tundra, which has a sizable transmission hump and hard, fixed plastic binnacles.
Tundra vs. F-150: The Drive
Both of our test trucks were powered by twin-turbo V-6 engines—a 3.5-liter unit for the F-150 and a 3.4 for the Tundra (though Toyota's sales literature says otherwise). Note, however, that the EcoBoost engine is a $2,595 option in the Ford; standard power is a 3.3-liter non-turbo V-6 with half as much torque. The Toyota, meanwhile, gets twin-turbo power as standard. (Both the Tundra and F-150 are available with an optional hybrid powertrain, but only Ford offers a V-8.)
The F-150 provides a lot of go for the extra dough. Although its 400 hp and 500 lb-ft of torque bests the Toyota by only 11 hp and 21 lb-ft, the aluminum-bodied F-150 weighs a quarter-ton less than the Tundra. In addition, both come standard with a 3.31:1 rear axle, but our Ford test truck came with no-cost optional 3.55:1 gearing, which the Tundra doesn't offer. All of the above gave the F-150 a serious speed advantage: We clocked the Ford from 0 to 60 mph in 5.3 seconds, which is almost a full second quicker than the Tundra. And Ford's EPA fuel economy numbers measure 1 mpg better in city, highway, and combined measurements. Out on the open road, the Ford felt like the more powerful truck, and it delivered slightly better fuel economy during our testing.
But that doesn't necessarily mean the Ford's powertrain is a far superior choice. The 2022 Tundra's 10-speed automatic transmission proved to be the better actor, shifting up and down promptly and smoothly. On one narrow, hilly section of our test route, the Tundra knew intuitively which gear to pick; prodding the F-150's accelerator on the same stretch resulted in a delay and a lurch while it tried to find the right ratio.
Tundra vs. F-150: Ride and Handling
The suspension is one area where Ford pulled definitively ahead. Neither of these pickup trucks will ever be mistaken for an old-school Lincoln Town Car, but the F-150 provided a smoother ride, while the Tundra felt jittery even over moderate bumps. When the pavement got slightly worse, the Tundra's ride got a lot worse, deteriorating much more quickly than the F-150's ride quality. This was somewhat surprising, given the Toyota's rear coil springs and lower payload rating relative to the leaf-sprung Ford.
The Ford's steering felt light and a bit numb, making the truck easy, if not exactly enjoyable, to maneuver. But it steered better than the Tundra, which felt less precise and wandered more on the highway. Both trucks have adaptive cruise control with lane centering, and although the Ford guided itself accurately, the Tundra had a harder time staying centered, an experience shared by its human drivers. Keep in mind that our test Tundra came with the $3,085 TRD Off-Road package featuring stiffer shocks and softer all-terrain tires. Without this package, the Toyota might well have had better ride and steering qualities.
Tundra vs. F-150: Getting Into Bed
Unlike the F-150, the Tundra doesn't have a spray-in bedliner, but it doesn't need one: The Tundra's bed is a plastic composite, which is virtually indestructible. There's nothing wrong with a metal bed like the Ford's, but it's eventually going to show the dents and scars of hard use. That won't be the case with the Tundra. Both trucks have tie-downs in the bed walls; the Ford's are fixed, while the Tundra offers both fixed and movable points.
Our Tundra test truck had a $385 power package that included 400-watt outlets in the bed and a Qi wireless phone charger in the cab, which our F-150 lacked. Ford offers 400-watt plugs for $290, but our truck came instead with the $995 ProPower Onboard package capable of 2,000 watts. The Toyota also had a retractable tailgate step, but evetesn with it deployed, our shorter testers faced a steep climb into the bed. Speaking of steep, that little step costs a whopping $399. Unlike the Toyota, our F-150 didn't come with any tailgate assistance features as equipped. Ford does offer a quality tailgate step of its own for the F-150, but it's only included as part of the $695 power tailgate package, which was missing from our truck. (Perhaps it was a good thing given what we discovered in our last full-size pickup comparison.)
Tundra vs. F-150: Towing and Hauling
In terms of truck capabilities, Ford is the clear winner. Our Tundra, as equipped, had a maximum payload of 1,740 pounds and a towing capacity of 11,120 pounds. The Ford, meanwhile, offered a 2,100-pound payload capacity and, with its Max Trailering package, a towing capacity of 13,900 pounds. But even with a lesser trailering package, the F-150 would still out-tow the Tundra by 180 pounds. Capacity and skill are separate things, though. We've always found the F-150 to be a stable towing platform, and the Tundra proved just as competent at hauling our high-profile two-horse trailer.
We're big fans of Ford's optional Pro Trailer Backup Assist system, and we were eager to try Toyota's version, called Straight Path Assist. The key difference between the two is that the F-150 allows the driver to steer the trailer in reverse with a dial on the dashboard, but the Tundra only keeps the trailer going straight. With Straight Path Assist, once you get the trailer pointed where you want it, you can let go of the wheel and the Tundra will steer itself in an attempt to keep the trailer going in the same direction. The Tundra did a pretty good job of keeping the trailer going straight, but really, that's only half the battle—getting the trailer pointed in the right direction is the real struggle for novice trailer-backers. Ford's system (as well as Ram's Trailer Reverse Steering) alleviates 95 percent of the anxiety of backing up a trailer; the Toyota, maybe 50 percent. We're baffled as to why Toyota didn't build a complete trailer-backing solution.
Let's Pick a Winner Already!
We suspected from our first test loop that this was going to be a close competition, and we weren't disappointed. Toyota clearly benchmarked the bestselling F-150 when developing its new Tundra, and it followed very closely in the Ford's tire tracks.
But in the end, the Ford managed to stay out front, if only by a bumper length or two. The F-150 is the better and more comfortable truck to drive (though a Tundra with the non-TRD suspension might be able to close that gap). The Ford's interior is marginally nicer and easier to use, and the F-150's back seat, though not quite as comfortable as the Toyota's, offers more flexibility for carrying other-than-human cargo. We like the Tundra's tough composite bed, but the Ford carries a lot more cargo. Both trucks are competent tow vehicles, but the Ford has more capacity and a better trailer-backing system. And although the Tundra has more modern styling details, the F-150 has a look we think will age better—indeed, it already seems to be doing so.
Toyota fans might be disappointed to learn that the new Tundra generation is short of class-leading; in our estimation, that title still belongs to the Ram 1500. But in the full-size pickup field, where breaking into the Chevy-Ford-Ram triumvirate is a near-impossible task, playing follow the leader is perhaps the smartest move—and the 2022 Toyota Tundra is definitely following the Ford F-150 very, very closely.
Second Place: 2022 Toyota Tundra Limited
Pros:
- Powerful twin-turbo engine comes standard
- Durable composite bed
- Comfortable back seat
Cons:
- Bumpy ride with TRD package
- Half-baked trailer-backing system
- Giant center screen not used to its best advantage
First Place: 2021 Ford F-150 XLT
Pros:
- Comfortable, if not exactly thrilling, to drive
- Broad choice of powertrains and axle ratios
- High payload and towing capacity when properly equipped
Cons:
- Uncomfortable back seat
- Rough-shifting transmission
- Cloth seats and incandescent bulbs? In a $60K truck?
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lincoln navigator Full OverviewThe Lincoln Navigator is well established among ginormous three-row luxury SUVs, having initiated the full-size segment some 25 years ago. The latest iteration of the Navigator made its debut for the 2018 model year and has been refreshed for 2022 with updated styling and some new technology. We usually welcome changes like these, but in the case of the 2022 Navigator at least one addition isn't, er, particularly great.ActiveGuide Is New but Has FlawsLet's dive right into the trouble: The headline technology for the updated Navigator is Lincoln's ActiveGlide semi-autonomous driving technology, effectively an adaptive cruise control and lane centering system that allows drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel on certain pre-mapped roads, the ever-expanding database of which will be beamed to Lincolns through over-the-air updates. (ActiveGlide is effectively a rebadged version of the BlueCruise system used in the parent company's Ford-branded vehicles. Lincoln offers it free for the first three years before owners need to subscribe.)Like all hands-free systems, in order to let you take your hands off the wheel, ActiveGlide needs to be able to detect that you are watching the road. To do this, the Navigator employs cameras atop the steering column that detect head and eye movements. If the system senses that the driver's eyes are off the road, it sounds repeated aural warnings before canceling lane guidance.We are intimately familiar with this sequence of events because we experienced it repeatedly—not because we weren't watching where we were going, but because we forgot to bring sunglasses to the press preview. Turns out that if you squint, ActiveGlide loses track of your eyes and thinks you aren't looking at the road. It also turns out that if a short driver doesn't position the steering column low enough, the steering wheel hub partially blocks the camera, generating more false alarms."Watch the Road"? We Are Watching the Road!We experienced ActiveGlide's full automation on Phoenix's 202 loop freeway and found it worked beautifully—right up until the road curved west into the afternoon sun, when it started shouting warnings to our squinting selves. (Interestingly enough, when the Navigator came to a section where it couldn't steer itself and needed the driver to put hands back on the wheel, the warnings were silent.)Now, we'd normally dismiss this as not such a big deal if it only affected hands-free driving, but there is a major caveat here: The face-recognition camera is also required for the normal lane centering function. So even when we weren't letting the Lincoln do the driving—so, when we were on non-ActiveGlide-mapped roads and turned on cruise control and lane guidance, with our hands firmly on the wheel—the Navigator continued to yell at us to watch the road, even though we were.This annoyance is piled on top of another one: Like most vehicles, when lane centering is engaged, the Navigator sounds a warning if it believes you've taken your hands off the wheel. Instead of a capacitive touch sensor, Lincoln uses the cheaper torque sensor, which detects inputs on the steering wheel. The problem—which we've experienced on other vehicles as well—is that on long straightaways, which require no steering, the Navigator yells at you to put your hands on the wheel even when they are already there. This is the reason why the Cadillac Escalade, equipped with GM's competing Super Cruise system, invested in the pricier touch sensors. Lincoln could do better for its top-of-the-line vehicle—after all, it's not like it's selling these full-sizers at razor-thin profit margins.Were these isolated incidents or due to a malfunctioning vehicle? We don't think so. We drove two different Navigators, and both exhibited the same behavior. Furthermore, other staffers have experienced these issues with the BlueCruise-branded version of the system in Ford vehicles. However, aside from the bedeviled lane-centering system, we found lots to like in the face-lifted Navigator.The Actual Improvements to the 2022 Lincoln NavigatorThere are other changes to the '22 Navigator, and some are genuine improvements, like the styling. The 2022 model has thinner headlights, a bolder grille, and better taillights, i.e., ones that no longer look like they've been installed upside down. There's a new Central Park Edition available with a dark green interior that looks in person better than it sounds on paper, as well as the blue-upholstered Yacht Club version. (Is this a return to the 1970s, when you could get your car's interior done up in colors other than black and beige? Gosh, we hope so.)The newly expanded 13.2-inch center screen, which runs Ford's Sync 4 system, is intuitive and easy to use, and the optional premium sound system is nothing short of spectacular. We also remain fascinated by Lincoln's 30-way power front seats, though we're not convinced they're a great idea. Automakers pay ergonomic experts to craft seats that are supportive and comfortable, with a few simple adjustments so we can tweak them to our needs. Lincoln's 30-way seats make, well, the occupants into the experts. Except most people aren't orthopedic spine physicians, and they will have the same trouble we do molding the seats into a perfect position. Perhaps there is such a thing as too many choices. Lincoln, how about a few ergonomically optimized presets that we can then fine-tune?The Best Seats Are the Rear SeatsWe had a much better time in the back seat (stop giggling, you children). Before our drive, we were chauffeured around in a Navigator equipped with Lincoln's new-for-'22 rear-seat entertainment system, which now incorporates Amazon Fire TV. Two of us streamed two separate programs from Amazon Prime (the system also does Netflix and Disney Plus), all while enjoying the class-exclusive massaging rear seats. (OK, so maybe there isn't such a thing as too many choices.) It was a far more enjoyable experience than being yelled at by the lane-centering system.The 2022 Lincoln Navigator also gets the latest version of Ford's Pro Trailer Assist system, which lets you steer a trailer in reverse via a knob on the dash. Programming is now easier than ever: No separate transponder is needed (as on the Ford F-150), just a checkerboard sticker on the trailer that Ford devotees will recognize from the system's first generation. In addition, no measuring is required to set up the system as with the original sticker-based system. Drive a calibration pattern, and the cameras do all the measuring for you. We're pleased to see this in the Navigator; its ability to tow up to 8,700 pounds—more than half a ton better than the Escalade—is a compelling reason to buy it.Likable, But Still Needs to Be BetterIn all other respects, the 2022 Navigator is basically the gentle giant we've come to know and love enough to make it our top-ranked full-size luxury SUV. It has authoritative power from the 440-hp 3.5-liter twin-turbo V-6, a smooth-shifting 10-speed transmission, and a somewhat noisier, choppier ride than you might expect from Lincoln's flagship. And, of course, the Navigator is woefully inefficient—count on fuel economy numbers in the mid-teens. Lincoln tells us it has no plans to add a hybrid powertrain because gas mileage is not high on the priority list of the Navigator's target buyer.Hopefully said buyer is willing to deal with the driver-assistance foibles, too. Lincoln could dramatically mitigate the Navigator's problem by disabling the face cameras for hands-on lane centering, but it would be better still if the brand invested more in the engineering of the system. ActiveGlide's current functionality is enough to give us major pause, and that's really a shame—among big SUVs, the Lincoln has a lot to offer. Let's hope Lincoln sees the wisdom in investing in a rapid update to this update.Looks good! More details?2022 Lincoln Navigator Specifications BASE PRICE $78,405-$107,720 LAYOUT Front-engine, RWD/4WD, 7-8-pass, 4-door SUV ENGINE 3.5L/440-hp/510-lb-ft twin-turbo direct-injected DOHC 24-valve V-6 TRANSMISSION 10-speed auto CURB WEIGHT 5,700-6,050 lb (mfr) WHEELBASE 122.5-131.6 in L x W x H 210.0-221.9 x 79.9 x 76.1-76.4 in 0-60 MPH 5.9 sec (MT est) EPA FUEL ECON, CITY/HWY/COMB 16-17/22-23/18-19 mpg EPA RANGE, COMB 414-513 miles ON SALE Now Show All
If you visualize the lifespan of the production V-8 engine as that of a Funny Car on the quarter-mile, let's just say the driver's getting ready to pull the chute. That ticking you hear ain't your lifters; the lap timer's running down on the great eight, with the final V-8s likely thumping around under the hood of trucks and a forlorn contingent of muscle cars and rarified sports cars into the early 2030's. There will be holdouts after that, but increasingly stringent regulations will continue to push out big displacement in favor of a gently humming set of electric motors.It's written on the pitlane wall, folks. Ford announced its intentions to have 40-percent of its fleet electrified by 2030, while General Motors shoots to eliminate its portfolio of internal combustion entirely by 2035. Dodge's first battery electric car—known only as the goofily named Challenger eMuscle— allegedly arrives in 2024. Even if these automakers keep pumping out V-8-powered Mustangmaro GT-Hell500s for decades to come, the market will have geographically shrunk; California announced plans to ban sales of ICE vehicles by 2035, with similar bills in place in New York, Massachusetts, and the city of Seattle. We're not saying we're positive these proposals will come to pass, but the sentiment certainly isn't going away.Mercedes-Benz: A V-8 DynastyThat's just for the American stuff. It's worse for the overseas V-8 junkie; Jaguar Land Rover and Bentley are two V-8 purveyors among a growing number of automakers taking the all-electric pledge. As did Mercedes-Benz, with the German automaker announcing this past summer that every new vehicle architecture launched after 2025 will carry batteries only.This is quite the loss for the greater V-8 portfolio. By our count, the 2021 model year offered American buyers a stunning 24 distinct Mercedes vehicles with a V-8 under the front hood. Granted, the mass majority carry a variant of the same M176/177/178 4.0-liter twin-turbo V-8, but we'd rather not see that engine's prolific status culled to zilch in the coming decade.Bummer. Not only has Merc played in the V-8 game for 59 years as of 2022, but the iconic German marque is responsible for some of the greatest eight-cylinder engines in history. The 6.3-liter M100 was Merc's first, roaring to life in 1963 under the hood of Der Große Mercedes 600, serving as Europe's first post-war production V-8 following the three-pointed star's rich history of inline-eights.The M100 proved hearty and hale enough to last through 1981, replaced in-step by the pre-existing M116 and M117 V-8s that ranged from a tiny 3.5-liters up to a full 5.6-liters. Before it was snuffed, the M100 stunned the world in 6.8-liter guise, shuttling dignitaries, bankers, and celebrities in the mighty 450SEL 6.9.Development and production of the Mercedes V-8 continued unabated through the 1980s and 1990s, a flowering family tree sprouting gas-guzzlin' greats like the supercharged 5.4-liter M113 V-8 found in AMG's early-to-mid 2000s "55" series. 2006 saw the introduction of the 6.2-liter M156, AMG's first fully in-house V-8 that kicked off the incredible "63" series of AMG-ified Mercs from its debut year through 2015.Flat-Out Into Flat-PlaneMercedes gradually phased out the M113 in favor of a blend between the twin-turbo 4.7-liter M278 and the AMG-facing twin-turbo 5.5-liter M157 in the early-to-mid 2010s. Then, the new 4.0-liter twin-turbo M176/M177/M178 family streamlined it all under the roof of a singular engine family; by 2020, every V-8 Mercedes carried some variant of the four-point-oh. In most cases, output differences boiled down to programming, turbo size and configuration, and intake/exhaust; depending on what the alphanumeric scrawl read on the rear decklid, power ranges from 456 hp to a wicked 720 hp. Jumping to the Mercedes-AMG GT's M178 adds beefy hardware to handle extended thrash sessions, notably swapping wet sump for dry sump lubrication, though most of the exploding stuff under the cowl of an AMG GT is recognizable when parked next to a C 63, or even S 560—with one notable exception.Enter the M178 LS2. In direct contrast to every production Mercedes V-8 ever—yes, ever ever—the AMG GT Black Series' 4.0-liter packs a flat-plane crankshaft in place of the garden variety crossplane spinny stick. Fresh camshafts and exhaust manifolds are snapped on to make sure everything plays nice with the exotic firing order, while turbochargers are upsized for an extra 5.0 psi of boost over the crossplane AMG GT R.Black Series is Code for Badass(er)Even amongst the rarified roster of atomic Black Series (BS) weapons, the GT BS oozes brutality. The body of the GT BS swells with menace and bristles with an arsenal of wings, canards, diffusers, vents, and slats that wouldn't look out of place on the Sebring starting line. You can rarely accuse Mercedes-Benz of goofing off on the job, but the GT Black Series is so serious, so singularly focused in its task of trackday subjugation, we wouldn't be surprised to learn the development engineers slept on the shop floor, munched on coffee grounds for breakfast, and only got to work after a three-hour morning MMA training routine. Aside from the leather and Alcantara swaddling the interior, the GT BS feels like a performance car commissioned by SEAL Team Six.Much like enemies Ferrari or McLaren's boosted flat-plane screamers, the bulk of the Black Series' 720 hp and 590 lb-ft arrives fashionably late in the rev-range, with all 720 braying racehorses peaking at 6,700 rpm, just 300 rpm short of redline. That thick shmear of torque fills in the gaps, the full 590 lb-ft coming into effect between 2,000 and 6,000 rpm.The result is a V-8 soundtrack and character unlike any other Merc thumper we've ever experienced. Power is predictably ferocious, but you wouldn't necessarily know that from the outside—or inside, for those hard of hearing. In fact, be careful where you flex with your new third-million-dollar track toy, lest you're aurally shown-up by the slower, less expensive, less exclusive, and surprisingly louder AMG GT R with its trademark AMG snap, crackle, and roar.The M178 LS2 sounds like a McLaren yelling from a padded asylum cell, with the best banshee notes scrubbed into sterilized, no-nonsense whap-whaps when you jab the throttle. Europe's stringent sound regulations no-doubt play a role in the odd hush, but you'd think a 720-hp hand-built AMG flat-plane V-8 would be challenging to render street-legal, let alone tolerable to stand adjacent to while idling. Still, it's a tremendous engine, and the perfect honed titanium hand grenade to sit at the top of Merc's gas-burning weaponry cache until made obsolete by a watermelon-sized electric motor.The Future of the V-8 is SaltyIf you're less of a brand tribalist and more of a general enthusiast of the great and mighty V-8, there is a safe haven from all the plug-in and shush-up on the horizon—you've just gotta be willing to get a little wet from time to time. For the foreseeable future, gas-burnin' boats and the marinized V-8 have solid sea-legs even as the landlubbers turn zappy, and that's not something at risk of changing overnight.While the bloodlines of the automotive V-8 sprouted out like a river delta, with each iteration expressing unique character and range of application, the marinized V-8 is less about personality than it is pure, uncut power. Don't expect your flotilla of V-8 cigarette boats to return the same experiential variance of a Ferrari V-8 against Chevrolet's finest smallblock, but hey—it's nice to know the V-8 thunder will still peal long after the echoes fade on shore.We came to this realization lounging on a dock down in the Florida Keys, specifically as we watched the latest collaboration between Cigarette Racing and Mercedes-AMG gently bob in the quiet marina. The orange-and-black 41-foot Nighthawk Black Series is the 13th AMG-branded boat to emerge from this partnership, and only the latest in a long dynasty of tremendously potent showcase powerboats from Cigarette Racing.Big names, big power. This waterbound AMG-branded speed-shard packs a cluster of five supercharged outboard V-8s rated for a combined 2,250 hp. Yeah, and you thought you were hot stuff with your C 63. The power-mad waterdogs over at Mercury Racing supply this firepower; an obvious matchup, as Mercury Racing is the biggest name for powertrains in the performance watercraft industry, and a subsidiary of one of the most storied and powerful marine-focused manufacturers in the world.It's fortuitous—and obvious— that Mercedes-AMG and Cigarette Racing would choose Florida as the debut stage for this latest mashup. Boats, big-blocks, and off-shore racing courses through the Sunshine State's sky-blue veins; Cigarette calls Opa-Locka home, while Wisconsin-based Mercury Marine holds deep, deep roots in the peninsula's waters—and not just the salty stuff.An Eight-Cylinder MeccaA short drive southeast of Orlando, a 1,440-acre enclosed lake laps placidly against its heavily wooded shores. On Google Maps, it's billed as Lake Conlin, just one of 50 named lakes in the county, but to the powerboat faithful, it's known by the outlandishly enigmatic moniker of Lake X.In 1957, Mercury founder Carl Kiekhaefer buzzed central Florida in a single-engine prop-plane, scouring the topography for a private lake on which he could conduct secret watercraft testing during the winter season away from the eyes of competitors and ears of annoyed neighbors. The 10,000-and-change acre property containing Lake X was soon purchased, and testing got underway immediately.Lake X soon became known as the off-limits mecca of powerboat development, with rumors growing into legend; up until the early 2000s, if it was fast, if it was loud, and if it was powered by Mercury Racing, it was fine-tuned at Lake X. Regardless if you prefer your feet wet or dry, this unassuming Floridian lake is a holy site in the bible of the V-8. We had to pay our respects.This roadtrip from Miami to Lake X was, in a sense, our decade-early epitaph for Benz's V-8. Our funeral procession was tiny, but meaningful; Mercedes opened the archives and tossed us the keys a 2008 CLK 63 AMG Black Series, one of the most characteristically V-8 AMGs to ever spin a tire in anger. If the flat-plane M178 LS2 is the cutting-edge, sci-fi warp-drive zenith for the Merc V-8, the CLK's 6.2-liter M156 is the heart of an old warship pulled straight from the industrial era.Obviously Old-SchoolIt's got all the mechanical hallmarks of a modern engine—dual-overhead cams, four-valves per cylinder—but out on the arrow-straight backroads lancing through central Florida, it feels like something plucked from the streets of Byzantium. In direct contrast to the clean, crisp guttural blats issued from the current crop of 4.0-liter M178 V-8s, the rear of the Mars Red coupe clattered with dirty, oily thunder. The sound is paleolithic, almost inappropriate; if a medieval peasant heard this metal-on-metal crackle emitting from the bowels of a bone-strewn cave, a raiding party would be assembled.500 hp and 465 lb-ft means it certainly has the hustle to match the roiling heavy metal soundtrack, though progress has sapped our serotonin receptors; hampered by a slow-ish shifting seven-speed automatic transmission, the CLK 63 Black Series offers about as much forward poke as a 2022 Ford Mustang GT; less, actually, as an automatic 'Stang undercuts the CLK by 0.6-seconds in the quarter-mile.But in its prime? What an athlete. In 2008, 500 hp was enough to step on the necks of the contemporaneous BMW M3, poke the eyes of the 911 Turbo, kick sand in Aston Martin's martini, and grab at the heels of the C6 Corvette Z06. The noises make you blush, but the power delivery makes you swoon; power is relatively peaky, encouraging a heavy right foot and deep, deep drinks from that wellspring of torque.Orlando-Based Bond VillainyThe chainlink gate to the Lake X facility arrived in a rush. After rumbling down a tree-lined path, a place-out-of-time greeted us; a back parking lot gives way to a cracked and uneven stretch of concrete that extends from the main structure to the water's edge. The first thing constructed at the testing facility was a channel of concrete sea-walls, sluicing straight into a covered engineering workshop built in 1969 that has the space to house a small marina's worth of boats. There's a distinct spy-thriller vibe to the complex, with large plexiglass dome portals ringing the primary building and peppering the exterior of the disused but oh-so-neat observation tower.For a site so integral to the history of the loud-and-brash marine V-8, Lake X sure is tranquil. Mercury used the lake for testing until the early 2000s, when boats were just too fast for the lake's size. "180 mph shrinks any size," laughed Ken Eckert, facilities manager and engineer. After Kiekhaefer sold the property to entrepreneur Kenneth Kirchman in 1984, the new owner established a foundation dedicated to using the lush grounds and wetlands of Lake X to educate the public on Florida's ecology and wildlife.Mercury returned in 2017, using the historic grounds as a satellite engineering and testing shop. "We can do stuff here in a day that would take five days to do on a public waterway," explained Eckert. "No wake zones, no other boaters, and no one to get in our way."It's a small, wild capsule of serenity teeming with life. As we staged photos of the bright red CLK, a flock of wild turkeys strutted through the adjacent field. A gator floated lazily by one of the seawalls, while a heron waded a few yards down the shore. Inside the workshop, an engineer stripped down a 600-hp V-12 outboard for inspection.V-8 Boats Forever? Maybe, Maybe NotMuch like an empty race track, Lake X was eerily quiet without the one-note roar of a powerboat. Luckily, I was just there on a quiet day; chatting with the folks at Cigarette Racing and Mercury Marine instilled in me the belief that the marine V-8 has a long, long life ahead of it—but not without change.There's far less regulations and oversight levied onto marine engines, and depending on the engine, most units are uncatalyzed. "Is there potential for stricter regulations going forward? Most definitely," said Eckert. "That's certainly on our radar, and as everything we do, we look to the future. If the regulations change, I am 100-percent confident we could seamlessly change with them."As of right now, widespread adoption and development of purely electric boats is unlikely, due to the aforementioned lack of legislative pressure, a nonexistent charging infrastructure, and the dramatic inefficiency of electric marine drivetrains relative to the electric car. Still, there are moves being made behind the scenes. Mercury Marine's parent company—the Brunswick Corporation—just acquired a battery company last September "to extend its leadership position in electrical systems innovation," the company said in a release. As of right now, this expansion might just be for small-scale lithium-ion battery systems for auxiliary power, but this seems like a logical first step toward serious electrification.So, no speedy-but-silent powerboats for now. But in the future? "I think you'll see electric outboards in smaller vessels to start with, and you know how it goes—you've got to start developing the technology to make strides," Eckert mused. "I'm confident that over the years, it won't be an uncommon thing to see an electric powerboat." Then, the V-8 might truly begin its final decline. Maybe.If that dreary dystopia ever arrives, perhaps we'll pull one of Cigarette Racing's AMG collaborations out of storage and go for one final blast. We know just the lake for the occasion.
toyota tundra Full OverviewToyota has been making hybrids for well over 20 years, but the all-new 2022 Toyota Tundra's i-Force Max hybrid powertrain is something new, at least for Toyota. While Toyota's other hybrids (most notably the Prius) use a parallel system (where a gasoline engine and two electric motor-generators connect to a planetary gearset transmission), the i-Force Max—which will also serve as the sole powertrain for the upcoming 2023 Sequoia—is a series system, sandwiching a 48-hp electric motor between a 3.4-liter twin-turbo V-6 and a traditional 10-speed automatic transmission.Toyota: Pickups Need Their Own Hybrid SystemWhy the change? According to Toyota, one limitation of the parallel approach is that it cannot deliver continuous maximum torque to the ground because the engine must always route some of its power to a motor-generator that is not directly connected to the wheels. The series system allows both gasoline engine and electric motor to dump 100 percent of their available torque into the driveline simultaneously, and torque is what pickup trucks need. A clutch between the gasoline engine and the electric motor allows the Tundra hybrid to move on battery power alone, but it does so only at slow speeds and light throttle application.Total system output for the i-Force Max is 437 horsepower and 583 lb-ft of torque, an increase of 48 horses and 104 lb-ft over the non-hybrid Tundra. EPA fuel economy estimates aren't finalized, but Toyota's tests show an increase of 2 mpg in both city and combined cycles, with highway mpg unchanged. Raw numbers: 20/24/22 mpg city/highway/combined for the 4x2 hybrid, 19/22/21 for the 4x4 hybrid, and 19/21/20 for the 4x4 TRD Pro model. Unfortunately for Toyota, those numbers trail the hybrid version of the Ford F-150; the F-150 PowerBoost boasts 25- and 23-mpg combined estimates for 4x2 and 4x4 models, respectively.Speaking of the Ford F-150 PowerBoost, Tundra shoppers hoping for a mobile power station like Ford's ProPower system are out of luck. Hybrid Tundras have the same 120-volt, 400-watt outlets as non-hybrid versions, but nothing like Ford's optional 240-volt, 7,200-watt system. Toyota said it didn't think it was something customers were clamoring for. There is no way it missed the news stories about Texans using F-150s to heat their homes during last winter's freeze-induced power outage, a situation with a possible repeat one year later as a winter storm descends on the state this week. Toyota is based in Texas, and some of its employees surely experienced last year's winterpocalypse first hand. Let's hope the power grid holds up this time.Tundra i-Force Max Hybrid: Impressive RefinementWe sampled various Tundra hybrid models, and what impressed us most was the i-Force Max's refinement. Keep in mind what a massive change this is for Toyota: The engineers effectively turned their backs on two decades of parallel hybrid development and did something completely new, yet the i-Force Max system is every bit as smooth and seamless as any other Toyota hybrid.Under very light throttle, we occasionally noticed a slight bump as the clutch between the engine and motor closed. Decoupling is seamless; like most hybrids, the Tundra shuts its gas engine off early as you coast to a stop, and the only indication we had that the engine had dropped out was the hybrid chiming—a sound many electrified vehicles play to alert the sight-impaired of their silent approach. Speaking of sound, the hybrid Tundra uses the same piped-in engine soundtrack as the gas truck, boosting our impression that this is one of the most non-hybrid-like hybrids we've driven. Someone who wasn't clued in might well think they were driving a Tundra with a conventional V-8.Toyota's engineers told us their goal for the hybrid system was to create a diesel-like torque curve with strong low-end power. The electric- and turbo-boost gauges—Toyota didn't fit the Tundra with a traditional power flow gauge, which is too bad—shows that the i-Force Max's electric motor primarily works at low speeds and low rpm, filling in the gap between the driver hitting the accelerator and the turbos building boost. The motor also helps out under sudden full-throttle demands—goosing the accelerator to pass, for example—providing a jolt of juice until the turbos spin up. The motor's job is effectively to eliminate turbo lag, which isn't much of an issue in the Tundra to begin with, and once the turbochargers are doing their thing, the electric motor stays mostly dormant. Because the motor is positioned ahead of the transmission, i-Force Max fills in torque dips while the transmission shifts, but Toyota's 10-speed snaps to attention nicely, and it's certainly smoother than the Ford hybrid's 10-speed.Hybrid Delivers What We Expected When Towing, But Not Off-RoadingWe towed a 4,500-pound Airstream travel trailer with a hybrid Tundra, and the electric boost allowed us to move off smartly—a notable change from the non-hybrid Tundra, which needs a lot of revs to get a trailer into motion. Hybrid-equipped Tundras tow slightly more than their non-hybrid counterparts, with tow capacity ranging from 10,340 pounds for the 4x4 Capstone to 11,450 for the Limited 4x2 model with a crew cab and short bed. However, the towing champ in the Tundra lineup is still the lightweight non-hybrid SR5 model, which can pull up to 12,000 pounds.We took a Tundra TRD Pro (it's exclusively a hybrid) on a fairly challenging off-road course and were surprised at how little the hybrid powertrain came into play. Our cross-country trip in the Rivian R1T and our time with the Jeep Wrangler 4xe has made us fans of electric off-roading, but when we shifted the transfer case of the Tundra TRD Pro to 4-Low range, the gas engine started and stayed running for the length of the trail, and we were unable to detect the hybrid system offering assistance as we crawled through the dirt and mud. We asked Toyota's engineers why there's no silent electric off-roading option, and they cited the clutch between the engine and motor. Connecting and disconnecting the engine and motor would cause a jerk, the antitheses of the smooth throttle modulation that off-roading requires. They assured us the motor can help out if you open the accelerator climbing a grade or crossing a bog.The Tundra i-Force Hybrid LineupToyota is offering the i-Force Max hybrid powertrain as standard for the TRD Pro and new top-of-the-line Capstone models. It's optional in the Limited, Platinum, and 1794 Edition trims, but not the basic SR and SR5. All Tundra hybrids have crew cabs—the battery lives under the rear seat—but buyers can choose from 5.5-foot-bed, short-wheelbase or 6.5-foot-bed, long-wheelbase variations. The price premium for the i-Force Max hybrid is $3,400 in all models, so the range spans from $53,995 for the short-box 4x2 Limited to $66,115 for the long-box 4x4 1794 Edition. The hybrid-only TRD Pro lists for $68,500, while the Capstone goes for $75,225; both are available exclusively as four-wheel-drive, short-wheelbase, short-bed models.Speaking of the Tundra Capstone, we got our first drive in this high-zoot competitor to the Ford F-150 Limited, Chevrolet Silverado High Country, GMC Sierra Denali, and Ram 1500 Limited. What sets the Capstone apart from other Tundras? Outside, it gets extra chrome for the grille (at first glance, it isn't all that easy to distinguish from the Platinum and 1794 models) and big, shiny 22-inch wheels, along with Capstone lettering on the door. Inside you'll find two-tone black-and-white leather of the same type used in the Lexus LS, open-pore wood, ambient lighting, and a high level of standard equipment—every available feature in the Tundra comes standard except for towing mirrors, adaptive air suspension, air springs, and a head-up display, which are optional.Although we like the idea of a high-end Tundra, we have to wonder whether any of the Capstone designers has ever owned a pickup truck. The two-tone interior looks beautiful, and the soft leather on the steering wheel feels great under our palms. But white leather on the armrests, steering wheel, and dashboard? On a pickup? Someone didn't think that one through, unless Toyota plans to add a built-in sink to wash your hands after hooking up a trailer or loading the bed with fill dirt. And those 22-inch wheels might look nice, but they take the Tundra's lumpy ride, which already deteriorates quickly on bad pavement, and make it even worse. (And yes, we tried the adjustable suspension's Comfort and Sport modes; we think they should be labeled "uncomfortable" and "just a smidgeon more uncomfortable. ") A $75,000 truck with a dirt-magnet interior and a dreadful ride? We'll take a pass.But the rest of the hybrid lineup? Yes, we like it. Much as Toyota might want us to believe otherwise, an electrified pickup like the Tundra i-Force Max is a world away from a true electric pickup like our Truck of the Year-winning Rivian R1T, the Chevrolet Silverado EV, the Ford F-150 Lightning, or the GMC Hummer EV. But a well-built, refined truck that uses less fuel and does a better job at towing and hauling—and one that imposes no penalty from its drivers save a slightly higher price? That seems like a sensible proposition to us.Looks good! More details?2022 Toyota Tundra i-Force Max Hybrid Specifications BASE PRICE $53,995-$75,225 LAYOUT Front-engine, RWD/4WD, 5-pass, 4-door truck ENGINE 3.4L/389-hp/479-lb-ft twin-turbo port- and direct-injected DOHC 24-valve V-6, plus 48-hp/184-lb-ft electric motor; 437 hp/583 lb-ft comb TRANSMISSION 10-speed auto CURB WEIGHT 5,700-6,200 lb (mfr) WHEELBASE 145.7-157.7 in L x W x H 233.6-245.6 x 80.2-81.6 x 77.5-78.0 in 0-60 MPH 5.8-6.3 sec (MT est) EPA FUEL ECON 19-20/21-24/20-22 mpg (est) EPA RANGE, COMB 644-708 miles ON SALE Spring 2022 Show All
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