Prime Cush: Why 1970s American Luxury Cars Were Bursting With Velour

ferrari 296-gtb Full OverviewYes, it's a plug-in hybrid with a turbocharged V-6 engine. But the only people who are going to hate on the 20232 Ferrari 296 GTB, who will loudly proclaim it a betrayal of all that's holy at the house of the Prancing Horse, are those who will never get the chance to drive one. Because if they did drive one, they'd know: The 296 GTB is one of the greatest mid-engine Ferrari sports cars ever built.It certainly looks the part, being beautifully proportioned and surfaced, with subtle homages to the mid-engine 250LM from the 1960s, including the voluptuous rear haunches and a vertical rear screen shrouded by flying buttresses extending from the B-pillar "bridge" that arcs over the rear of the roof. All in all, the 296 GTB is one of the most compact and athletic sports cars from Maranello in some time.As on the front-engine Roma, the 296 GTB's rear lights eschew Ferrari's traditional round format—a move that took a lot of selling from the in-house design team, says exterior designer Carlo Palazzini. The large central exhaust outlet adds visual—and aural—drama. The only active piece of aerodynamic hardware, a vertical spoiler that deploys at speed or under braking, has been ingeniously packaged to slide out from between the lights.But, but … a turbocharged six-cylinder hybrid powertrain? Seriously? That's quite a step down the charisma index from the yowling, naturally aspirated V-8s and V-12s that made Ferrari famous. But let's be clear: Although the 296 GTB might be the first six-cylinder Ferrari road car in history—the gorgeous little Dino 206s and 246s built between 1967 and 1974 don't count, says Maranello, because they were never sold as Ferraris—it doesn't sound like a six-cylinder car.And it certainly doesn't go like a six-cylinder car.About That EngineCodenamed F163, the compact twin-turbo 2.9-liter V-6 at the heart of the 296 GTB's powertrain features a wide-angle 120-degree vee, with the fast-responding counter-rotating turbochargers mounted in the vee and the intakes on the outside of the cylinder heads. The wide-angle vee not only lowers the center of gravity by reducing the height between the tops of the cylinder heads and the forged crankshaft, but it also gives the engine a symmetrical firing order.As a result, the F163 spins smoothly to the 8,500-rpm rev limiter while generating similar third-order harmonics to that of a V-12, which Ferrari engineers have amplified into the cockpit via its patented "hot-tube" system, which takes sound from the exhaust before the hot gases hit the catalytic converters. And it really does sound like a V-12. One full-throttle run is all you need to understand why Ferrari engineers took to calling the F163 the "piccolo V-12" during its development.The 296 GTB is also Ferrari's first rear-drive-only PHEV, with an electric motor/generator, dubbed the MGU-K by Ferrari in a nod to its F1 hybrid technology, sandwiched between the V-6's block and the compact new eight-speed dual-clutch transmission. An evolution of the e-motor used in the SF90, the 296 GTB's MGU-K develops 165 horsepower and maximum torque of 232 lb-ft, a 20 percent improvement.The MGU-K can drive the 296 GTB up to 15 miles on pure electric power, drawing from a 7.45-kWh battery pack that stretches across the car between the cockpit and the engine. But its main job is to provide torque fill at low revs and to boost power at higher revs. On its own, the F163 makes 654 horsepower, a specific output of 219 hp per liter that is a new record for a production-car internal combustion engine. With the MGU-K lending a helping hand, the 296 GTB's powertrain punches out a mighty 818 horsepower at 8,000 rpm and 546 lb-ft of torque at 6,250 rpm.The interaction between the internal combustion engine and the MGU-K has been carefully tuned to ensure the powertrain delivers the soaring surge of acceleration, right to the redline, that is the hallmark of the finest naturally aspirated 12-cylinder Ferrari engines. The e-motor's instant-on torque output is adjusted for each gear to keep the delivery as linear as possible. "We are not using all the powertrain at the lower end yet," confirms Ferrari test and development driver Raffaele de Simone. "The car can do more."What This Ferrari Can Do NowFerrari says the 296 GTB will sprint from 0 to 60 mph in less than 2.9 seconds, and to 124 mph in 7.3 seconds on the way to a top speed of more than 205 mph. But those numbers don't even begin to describe the extraordinary strength and flexibility of its powertrain. So, chew on this: In sixth gear, the 296 GTB pulls cleanly and strongly from 1,400 rpm—about 30 mph—to … well, we don't exactly know because we ran out of road at 146 mph, the revs still rising.A quick back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests the Ferrari had another 25 mph to go before the engine reached its 8,000-rpm power peak. That's a working speed range of more than 140 mph. In a single gear.Such flexibility means, although the eight-speed transmission's ratios are beautifully spaced, you don't have to be in precisely the right gear to get the 296 GTB to punch hard out of corners. There's torque and there's power, whenever you need it. But it's not just the powertrain that will leave you gasping. The 296 GTB's chassis is every bit as accomplished, too.The 296 GTB's 102.4-inch wheelbase is the shortest in the current Ferrari lineup, and the compact dimensions were deliberately chosen to deliver maximum agility. The new EPS system—the first used on a rear-drive Ferrari—has half the compliance of the previously used hydraulic systems, improving steering response, and learnings from the EPS-equipped SF90 have enabled Ferrari to carefully tune it to filter unwanted road shock while retaining maximum feel and feedback.Supremely FocusedHelping the rear axle support the fast-reacting front end are specially developed 305/35 ZR20 Michelin tires—Pilot Sport 4S in standard spec, or the Pilot Sport Cup 2R, which comes with the optional, track-focused Assetto Fiorano package. Whereas most recent mid-engine Ferraris have had a 30 percent aspect ratio rear tire, the taller sidewall of the 296 GTB's tires help smoothly ramp the initial load response into the rear suspension, says de Simone.It's not just geometry that makes this Ferrari feel preternaturally alert yet supremely composed, however; Maranello has delved deep into the electronic dark arts to give the chassis the dynamic range to exploit that extraordinary powertrain.Underpinning the chassis hardware is the latest version of Ferrari's superb Side Slip Control (SSC) system. Unlike most stability control systems, SSC is not interventionist but expansionist, using its vast array of sensors and actuators not to tell the driver off when they make a mistake, but to help them achieve what they're trying to do. Each iteration of SSC, which made its debut on the 458 Speciale in 2013, has been better, more seamless than the last. The 296 GTB's version helps you brake like one of Ferrari's F1 aces.The 296 GTB's 15.7-inch front and 14.2-inch rear carbon-ceramic rotors are modulated by a sophisticated brake-by-wire system and next-generation ABS that allows precise control of the braking efforts at each individual wheel; so precise, in fact, it will allow you to keep your foot hard on the brake pedal all the way into the apex of the corner while it works with all the other systems to ensure the car stays on the line you want.Think of it as a trail-braking aid. It doesn't rewrite the laws of physics, but it'll have ol' Isaac Newton scratching his head as the Ferrari barrels deep into corners with your foot hard on the brake pedal, tracking true right to the apex. It's at this point where you may have to adjust your driving style slightly to make the most of the 296 GTB: Get too ambitious with the throttle before you've begun to open the steering, and the front end will push slightly, such is the enormous traction from the rear.It's so fast, so agile, this Ferrari. And yet everything happens with such sublime control and communication, precision and predictability, it creates time for the driver to analyze and adjust its every move. Old-school purists might be wringing their hands over the fact it's a plug-in hybrid with a six-cylinder engine, but the Ferrari 296 GTB makes you feel like a driving god. It's utterly brilliant.The familiar manettino switch on the right side of the steering wheel controls the 296 GTB's dynamic systems. On the left is a touch-panel e-manettino that controls the powertrain modes.There is an eDrive mode that allows pure EV driving at speeds up to 84 mph. Performance mode ensures the V-6 is always kept running to make sure the battery is always fully charged. Qualifying mode—yes, that's what it's called—cuts the amount of time spent recharging the battery to always ensure the maximum powertrain output.Default start mode is Hybrid, in which the car rolls on pure electric power as far as possible before the engine fires up with—at least for the first time—a disconcerting bellow that lasts until the catalytic converters have warmed up. The system then mixes and matches ICE and e-power to achieve the best combination of efficiency and performance, though whenever the V-6 is running, the powertrain is ready to produce maximum power and torque on demand.The Home Stretch The transitions between e-motor and ICE are smooth and seamless. This is a Ferrari you could happily drive every day, even if you're just mooching through slow-moving traffic. The digital cockpit offers all the graphic pizzazz and high-tech connectivity you expect in a modern luxury automobile, and the "bumpy road" function, accessed by pressing the switch on the analog manettino, smooths the ride when the tarmac gets rough. The 296 GTB is available with Ferrari's seven-year maintenance package, and service intervals are set at yearly intervals or every 12,500 miles.Those who want a 296 GTB with a little more edge can order the Assetto Fiorano package, which includes Multimatic shocks optimized for track use, a revised aero setup that adds 22 pounds of downforce on the front axle, and lightweight components that reduce the car's overall weight by 33 pounds. Those seeking the ultimate weight saving can order the optional carbon-fiber wheels, which trim a further 70 (unsprung and rotational-inertia-inducing) pounds from the car.The 296 GTB is the product of a coolly confident Ferrari at the top of its game; a Ferrari that's not afraid to embrace cutting edge, even controversial, technologies to create the best-performing, best-handling, best-driving sports cars it knows how to build; a Ferrari that fully understands the potent market power of its traditions, its myths, and its legends but is at last refusing to have its cars trapped by them.The first cars are scheduled to arrive in the U.S. in the third quarter of this year, with an MSRP of $317,986.Looks good! More details?2022 FERRARI 296GTB Specifications PRICE $317,986 LAYOUT Mid-engine, RWD, 2-pass, 2-door coupe ENGINE 2.9L/654-hp/546-lb-ft twin-turbo direct-injected V-6 plus 165-hp/232-lb-ft permanent-magnet electric motor, 818-hp/546-lb-ft  (comb) TRANSMISSION 8-speed twin-clutch auto CURB WEIGHT 3,500lb (est) WHEELBASE 102.4 in L x W x H 179.7 x 77.1 x 46.7 in 0-62 MPH 2.9 sec (mfr est) EPA FUEL ECON, CITY/HWY/COMB Not yet rated EPA RANGE, COMB Not yet rated ON SALE Fall 2022 Show All

volkswagen jetta Full OverviewIt might be hard to believe today, but the Volkswagen Jetta used to be the aspirational choice in the compact sedan segment. Travel back in time to the first decade of the 2000s, and amid the Civics, Corollas, Imprezas, Lancers, and Sentras of the world, the Jetta stood out for both its European styling and driving dynamics, as well as its premium, almost Audi-like cabin. Volkswagen of the era was focused on the "democratization of luxury," and the Jetta was at the forefront. Perhaps that's why the updated-for-2022 Volkswagen Jetta SEL is so disappointing.What's New With the 2022 Jetta?To be fair, maybe whatever the millennial equivalent of rose-colored glasses is (atomic purple Gameboys?) may have colored our expectations some. The 2022 Volkswagen Jetta is at its heart a midcycle update of a car one anonymous VW engineer called "boring" after we first drove the prototype back in 2017. When we tested the production model at the 2019 Car of the Year program, we thought the engineer undersold it some. "Cynical," and "forgettable," we called it.The changes to the 2022 Jetta are minor, but VW hopes they're enough to right the ship. The biggest change is under the hood. Gone is the 147-hp, 184-lb-ft 1.4-liter turbocharged I-4, and in its place is a new 1.5-liter turbocharged I-4 borrowed from the Volkswagen Taos crossover. The new four-pot makes 157 hp and the same 184 lb-ft of torque, albeit with that torque available at lower revs than in the outgoing engine. The Jetta's two transmissions, a six-speed manual and optional eight-speed automatic (tested here) carry over unchanged.You'll need to look closely for the 2022 Jetta's other changes. The sedan's nose and tail are subtly revised, and inside there is a digital instrument cluster, contrast stitching, and padded leatherette door armrests. Jetta prices start at $21,190, but our loaded Jetta SEL test car stickers for $29,185.How Quick Is the 2022 Jetta?With 10 new ponies under the hood, the 2022 Jetta is unsurprisingly quicker than pre-refresh models at the test track, accelerating from 0 to 60 mph in 7.6 seconds and through the quarter mile in 15.9 seconds at 88.2 mph. That's about mid-pack among compact sedans, and it's two-tenths quicker to 60 mph and one-tenth quicker at the dragstrip than the last automatic Jetta we tested, a 2019 model.Although the new Jetta is quicker in a straight line than the pre-refresh model, the picture is murkier once we start looking at braking, handling, and fuel efficiency. The updated car needed 127 feet to complete our 60-0-mph panic stop test, 6 feet more than the 2019 Jetta; on the figure eight, it brought in a 27.7-second lap where it averaged 0.61 g, a tenth of a second slower and 0.01 g less than the previous model. The 2022 Jetta is less efficient, too. It's EPA-rated at 29/40/33 mpg city/highway/combined, whereas the old model scored 30/40/34 mpg.Is It Any Better on the Road?The new engine is the best thing about the Jetta on the road. It'll never be mistaken for muscular, but the small 1.5-liter engine has a broad torque curve, and the eight-speed auto never feels shy about keeping the four-pot in its powerband with your foot down. Its only demerit? Some editors complained of inconsistent power delivery, especially at city speeds where the Jetta is prone to both lag and surge—a trait this powertrain also exhibits in the Taos.The Jetta drives a bit like the Taos, too, which makes sense considering it shares its MQB A1 platform with the SUV (the Golf, which was traditionally the hatchback version of the Jetta, rides on the MQB Evo platform). The VW's steering is joyless and vague, which is just as well because the softly sprung ride quickly gets out of sorts when the Jetta is driven with any urgency. Those looking for a more engaging compact sedan could buy a Jetta GLI, but they'll likely be better served by a Golf GTI or one of the Jetta's Japanese or South Korean rivals.A Weak Inside GameWhereas the hot-selling fourth- and fifth-gen Jettas (1999-2005 and 2006-10, respectively) featured cabins that "were rich in materials and textures but also darned well conceived," the interior of today's Jetta SEL is fairly basic, especially compared to its rivals. Once the initial distraction of the Audi-esque digital instrument cluster and front and rear heated seats fades, disappointment is sure to follow. Poking around the interior reveals flimsy, sweaty plastics, "wood grain" trim designed by someone who might never have seen wood before, and button delete panels (on a loaded car, mind you) that hint at features the Jetta could have included but didn't. What are they? Who knows—this Jetta SEL allegedly packs all the goodies.The cost-cutting in the back seat is the biggest letdown. Hop into the spacious rear seat, and the materials go from bad to worse. The few touches of attention to detail from the front of the cabin—chiefly the contrast stitching on the door panels and "wood" trim—are gone. In its place are yet more hard, cut-rate, black plastics. To be fair, some competitors turn down the wick somewhat on their rear-seat materials at lower price points, but here the priciest Jetta's front seat represents a pretty bargain basement starting point.The VerdictIn a crowded field of compact sedans, the Jetta is no longer an aspirational choice. For an expertly balanced mix of a high-quality premium-feeling cabin with satisfying driving dynamics at an affordable price, visit a Honda, Mazda, or Hyundai store. In the shrinking yet ever improving compact sedan segment, the Jetta stands out for, well, not standing out. Sure, the Jetta is fairly big and spacious for its class, but whether you're shopping for a feature-rich commuting appliance or something to spark a little joy, your money goes further elsewhere.Looks good! More details?2022 Volkswagen Jetta SEL (Premium) Specifications BASE PRICE $28,790 PRICE AS TESTED $29,185 VEHICLE LAYOUT Front-engine, FWD, 5-pass, 4-door sedan ENGINE 1.5L Turbo direct-injected DOHC 16-valve I-4 POWER (SAE NET) 158 hp @ 5,500 rpm TORQUE (SAE NET) 184 lb-ft @ 1,750 rpm TRANSMISSION 8-speed automatic CURB WEIGHT (F/R DIST) 3,121 lb (59/41%) WHEELBASE 105.7 in LENGTH x WIDTH x HEIGHT 186.5 x 70.8 x 57.7 in 0-60 MPH 7.6 sec QUARTER MILE 15.9 sec @ 88.2 mph BRAKING, 60-0 MPH 127 ft LATERAL ACCELERATION 0.82 g (avg) MT FIGURE EIGHT 27.7 sec @ 0.61 g (avg) EPA CITY/HWY/COMB FUEL ECON 29/40/33 mpg EPA RANGE, COMB 435 miles ON SALE Now Show All

If you've ever wanted to get an idea of just how American your truck really is, you'll want to take a look at the American University's Kogod School of Business Made in America Auto Index study. We've gathered the 10 "most American" pickup trucks from this study.Kogod looks at more than just domestic parts content; it examines several areas that have to do with keeping profits and the supply chain in North America. The rankings take into consideration where profits flow to, where the car is actually assembled, the origin of the engine and transmission, and where the body components are assembled. You'll want to note that many "foreign" truck makers have significant American operations—local factories and workers that support a domestic supplier network—and rank quite high on the list. Conversely, some "domestic" trucks don't crack the top ten.Read on to see which American trucks make the cut.